RISC-V from Software to Silicon: Programming, Linux, FPGA, and AI Applications Training Course

RISC-V Architecture Fundamentals and Ecosystem Overview

RISC-V ISA Landscape and Industry Adoption

• The open ISA philosophy and the RISC-V International standardization framework
• Establishing a mental model for RISC-V: Load-Store Architecture, Register File, and Byte Ordering
• Comparative analysis with ARM, x86, and POWER: Evaluating trade-offs for heterogeneous computing architectures
• Assessing ecosystem maturity: Insights into SiFive, T-Head, Western Digital, and the expanding open-source silicon community
• Standardized interfaces: The RISC-V Privileged ISA and the Machine Software Abstraction Layer (MSBL)

Memory Models and ABI Compliance

• Unprivileged Architecture specification: Examining the CSR map, exception handling, and memory hierarchies
• RV32I and RV64I instruction sets and ensuring ABI compliance for cross-platform binary portability
• Memory ordering conventions and utilizing barrier instructions in multiprocessor systems

RISC-V Assembly Programming and Compiler Toolchain

Low-Level Instruction Programming

• Implementing Base integer instructions (I), Multiply/Divide (M), and Atomic operations (A) extensions
• Developing bitness-aware strategies for 32-bit and 64-bit RISC-V targets
• Managing calling conventions and stack frames for embedded and real-time software systems

Compiler Toolchain Proficiency

• Leveraging the LLVM-based toolchain: Using Clang, LLVM, and Binutils for RISC-V cross-compilation
• Configuring linker scripts, sections, and memory layouts for bare-metal and RTOS environments
• Utilizing compiler intrinsics, optimization levels, and profiling-driven techniques for code tuning
• Managing open-source toolchain workflows: Building, testing, and packaging custom GCC/Clang toolchains

Embedded Systems Development and Real-Time Operating Systems

Bare-Metal and RTOS Programming

• Applying Rust systems programming to RISC-V: Utilizing zero-cost abstractions, managing unsafe memory, and executing bare-metal development
• Working in No-Std environments: Implementing custom linkers, developing device drivers, and handling memory-mapped I/O
• Developing with Zephyr RTOS and Buildroot BSP for RISC-V targets
• Interfacing with peripherals: Programming GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART, and DMA controllers

Power and Performance Optimization

• Optimizing clock gating, power domain management, and low-power modes
• Conducting cycle-accurate performance analysis using simulation profilers and hardware performance counters
• Tuning real-time interrupt latency for safety-critical applications

Linux Kernel and Bootloader Development for RISC-V

Boot Firmware and Bootloader Ecosystem

• Implementing OpenSBI (SBI specification): Developing bootloader firmware
• Building modern firmware boot stacks using UEFI/EDK II on RISC-V
• Porting Coreboot and U-Boot for RISC-V single-board computers

Linux Kernel Integration

• Contributing to the RISC-V mainline kernel: Managing device tree overlays, CPU topology, and interrupt controller (AIA) driver development
• Developing Vendor BSPs and configuring the kernel for custom SoC platforms
• Supporting file systems, networking stacks, and containerization (Docker, Kubernetes) on RISC-V host systems

RISC-V SoC Design and FPGA Prototyping

Multicore SoC Architecture and Integration

• Applying Network-on-Chip (NoC) design methodologies for RISC-V multi-core processors
• Implementing Axi4/CHI cache coherence and inter-processor communication protocols
• Integrating open-source IP: Utilizing OpenCores, ChIPS Framework, and vendor RTL components
• Designing bus matrices and integrating memory controllers (DDR, SRAM, eMMC, PCIe)

FPGA-Based Processor Prototyping

• Performing FPGA synthesis and implementation of RISC-V cores (e.g., BOOM, VexRiscv, PULP)
• Applying SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) and UVM-based functional verification methodologies
• Validating RISC-V cores using formal verification tools and property-based testing

RISC-V Vector Extensions and Domain-Specific Acceleration

RVV (RISC-V Vector) Extension Deep Dive

• Accelerating Vector load/store, vector-fused multiply-add (VFMA), and matrix computations
• Optimizing SIMD execution using variable-length vector operations (VL, VLEN) for specific workloads
• Managing vector mask operations, segment control, and data type flexibility for DSP and ML workloads

Custom DSP and Domain-Specific Instruction Design

• Designing domain-specific accelerators via custom extensions and CBAR-based operand interfaces
• Modifying compiler frontends for custom instruction generation and code emission
• Implementing hardware-software partitioning strategies for integrating accelerators in production SoCs

AI Acceleration and Edge Machine Learning on RISC-V

NPU Design and Integration for RISC-V Processors

• Designing Neural Processing Unit architectures: Utilizing systolic arrays, tensor cores, and weight compression for on-chip AI acceleration
• Applying model quantization techniques (INT8, INT4, FP8) for edge deployment on RISC-V
• Ensuring framework compatibility: Deploying TensorFlow Lite Micro, ONNX Runtime, and PyTorch Edge on RISC-V targets

Heterogeneous Computing for AI Workloads

• Co-designing RISC-V host CPUs with AI accelerator NPUs for real-time inference pipelines
• Optimizing memory subsystems: Managing HBM/DDR bandwidth for ML model weights and activations
• Managing thermal and power budgets for edge AI inference systems

Hardware Security and Confidential Computing on RISC-V

Physical Memory Protection and Trusted Execution

• Implementing Physical Memory Protection (PMP) and Page Table walker security mechanisms
• Establishing Secure Enclave/TEE architectures for RISC-V: Integrating OP-TEE and SEV-class trusted execution environments
• Securing the boot chain: Managing root of trust, secure boot, and measured launch attestation

Cryptographic Acceleration

• Accelerating RISC-V cryptographic extensions (Zk, Zkr, K extensions): Supporting SHA, AES, RSA, RSA-PSS, and ECC
• Integrating Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) for next-generation RISC-V processors
• Mitigating side-channel attacks: Employing constant-time programming, masking, and hardware random number generators

Advanced Custom Architecture and ISA Extension Design

Domain-Specific Architecture and Custom Instruction Extensions

• Following the ISA extension design methodology: Handling encoding, encoding tables, ABI impact analysis, and RISC-V International specification submissions
• Designing custom register files with CBAR (Custom Base Address Registers) for operand dispatch
• Modifying instruction pipelining, hazard detection, and pipeline structures for custom extensions

Verification and Signoff of Custom Architecture Modifications

• Designing testbenches for custom extensions: Comparing directed versus constraint-random stimulus generation
• Using regression testing frameworks and coverage-driven verification for architectural modifications
• Conducting interoperability testing: Ensuring custom instructions function within established ABI constraints

Safety-Critical and Automotive RISC-V Applications

Functional Safety and Automotive Standards Compliance

• Achieving ISO 26262 functional safety compliance for RISC-V automotive processors
• Developing ASIL-Q classification and safety manuals for RISC-V silicon IP
• Implementing deterministic interrupt handling, lockstep core pairs, and memory protection for safety-critical RISC-V systems

Industrial Real-Time and Edge Computing Applications

• Ensuring IEC 61508 SIL compliance and deterministic scheduling on RISC-V multicore platforms
• Developing Industrial IoT gateways with RISC-V: Handling connectivity, edge analytics, and OTA firmware update systems

Capstone Project: End-to-End RISC-V System Development

Full Lifecycle Project

• Specifying the architecture: Designing ISA extensions and core configurations for a defined use case
• Implementing RTL in SystemVerilog with UVM testbenches and formal verification coverage
• Executing FPGA prototyping, boot firmware development, and bare-metal driver stack integration
• Customizing Linux BSP and toolchains for the custom RISC-V core
• Deploying AI workloads: Integrating NPUs, quantizing models, and running performance benchmarks
• Validating security: Enforcing PMP, securing boot, and benchmarking cryptographic acceleration
• Documenting technical architecture, analyzing IP strategy, and presenting to cross-functional teams